feign 源码解析 | Stack Overflow

feign 源码解析

MagicDo 10月 13, 2019

feign 服务调用流程

首先通过@EnableFeignClients注解开启FeignCleint
根据Feign的规则实现接口，并加@FeignCleint注解
程序启动后，会进行包扫描，扫描所有的@ FeignCleint的注解的类，并将这些信息注入到ioc容器中。
当接口的方法被调用，通过jdk的代理，来生成具体的RequesTemplate
RequesTemplate在生成Request
Request交给Client去处理，其中Client可以是HttpUrlConnection、HttpClient也可以是Okhttp
最后Client被封装到LoadBalanceClient类，这个类结合类Ribbon做到了负载均衡。

我们用流程图来简单标示下服务调用的过程

graph LR
   i1(扫描EnableFeignClients 注解) --> i2(扫描FeignClient 注解的接口)
   i2 --> i3(以bean的形式注入到ioc容器中)
   i4(请求feignclient 注解的方法) --> i5(根据动态代理生成request请求发给对应服务) 
   i5 --> i6(解析请求结果返回)

源码解析

扫描EnableFeignClients 注解

首先在启动配置上检查是否有@EnableFeignClients注解，如果有该注解，则开启包扫描，扫描被@FeignClient注解接口。扫描到FeignClient后，将信息取出，以bean的形式注入到ioc容器中，源码如下：

class FeignClientsRegistrar
		implements ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar, ResourceLoaderAware, EnvironmentAware {
    .....
        @Override
	public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
			BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
		registerDefaultConfiguration(metadata, registry);
		registerFeignClients(metadata, registry);
	}
    
  private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
			AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
		String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
		BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
				.genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
		validate(attributes);
		definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
		definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
		String name = getName(attributes);
		definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
		String contextId = getContextId(attributes);
		definition.addPropertyValue("contextId", contextId);
		definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
		definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
		definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
		definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
		definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);

		String alias = contextId + "FeignClient";
		AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();

		boolean primary = (Boolean) attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be
																// null

		beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);

		String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
		if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
			alias = qualifier;
		}

		BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
				new String[] { alias });
		BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
	}

bean 注入 ioc容器

在上面 registerFeignClient 方法中有这样一段代码

1 2	BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder .genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);

将FeignClientFactoryBean 定义进来，而FeignClientFactoryBean 实现了FactoryBean接口，这样把bean 注入容器。

@Override
	public Object getObject() throws Exception {
		return getTarget();
	}

	/**
	 * @param <T> the target type of the Feign client
	 * @return a {@link Feign} client created with the specified data and the context
	 * information
	 */
	<T> T getTarget() {
		FeignContext context = this.applicationContext.getBean(FeignContext.class);
		Feign.Builder builder = feign(context);

		if (!StringUtils.hasText(this.url)) {
			if (!this.name.startsWith("http")) {
				this.url = "http://" + this.name;
			}
			else {
				this.url = this.name;
			}
			this.url += cleanPath();
			return (T) loadBalance(builder, context,
					new HardCodedTarget<>(this.type, this.name, this.url));
		}
		if (StringUtils.hasText(this.url) && !this.url.startsWith("http")) {
			this.url = "http://" + this.url;
		}
		String url = this.url + cleanPath();
		Client client = getOptional(context, Client.class);
		if (client != null) {
			if (client instanceof LoadBalancerFeignClient) {
				// not load balancing because we have a url,
				// but ribbon is on the classpath, so unwrap
				client = ((LoadBalancerFeignClient) client).getDelegate();
			}
			builder.client(client);
		}
		Targeter targeter = get(context, Targeter.class);
		return (T) targeter.target(this, builder, context,
				new HardCodedTarget<>(this.type, this.name, url));
	}

上面生成对象调用了 targeter.target, 跟踪进去调用了 feign.target

/**
 * @author Spencer Gibb
 */
class DefaultTargeter implements Targeter {

	@Override
	public <T> T target(FeignClientFactoryBean factory, Feign.Builder feign,
			FeignContext context, Target.HardCodedTarget<T> target) {
		return feign.target(target);
	}

}

继续跟踪

1
2
3

public <T> T target(Target<T> target) {
     return build().newInstance(target);
   }

跟踪到 ReflectiveFeign 返回代理对象

/**
   * creates an api binding to the {@code target}. As this invokes reflection, care should be taken
   * to cache the result.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) {
    Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
    Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>();
    List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>();

    for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
      if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
        continue;
      } else if (Util.isDefault(method)) {
        DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
        defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
        methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
      } else {
        methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
      }
    }
    InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);
    T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(),
        new Class<?>[] {target.type()}, handler);

    for (DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
      defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
    }
    return proxy;
  }

注入bean之后，通过jdk的代理，当请求Feign Client的方法时会被拦截，代码就在ReflectiveFeign类。

真正的动态代理是下面的静态类

static class FeignInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {

    private final Target target;
    private final Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch;

    FeignInvocationHandler(Target target, Map<Method, MethodHandler> dispatch) {
      this.target = checkNotNull(target, "target");
      this.dispatch = checkNotNull(dispatch, "dispatch for %s", target);
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
      if ("equals".equals(method.getName())) {
        try {
          Object otherHandler =
              args.length > 0 && args[0] != null ? Proxy.getInvocationHandler(args[0]) : null;
          return equals(otherHandler);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
          return false;
        }
      } else if ("hashCode".equals(method.getName())) {
        return hashCode();
      } else if ("toString".equals(method.getName())) {
        return toString();
      }

      return dispatch.get(method).invoke(args);
    }

最终调用了 SynchronousMethodHandler类进行拦截处理，当被拦截会根据参数生成RequestTemplate对象，该对象就是http请求的模板，代码如下：

@Override
 public Object invoke(Object[] argv) throws Throwable {
   RequestTemplate template = buildTemplateFromArgs.create(argv);
   Retryer retryer = this.retryer.clone();
   while (true) {
     try {
       return executeAndDecode(template);
     } catch (RetryableException e) {
       try {
         retryer.continueOrPropagate(e);
       } catch (RetryableException th) {
         Throwable cause = th.getCause();
         if (propagationPolicy == UNWRAP && cause != null) {
           throw cause;
         } else {
           throw th;
         }
       }
       if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
         logger.logRetry(metadata.configKey(), logLevel);
       }
       continue;
     }
   }
 }

其中有个executeAndDecode()方法，该方法是通RequestTemplate生成Request请求对象，然后根据用client获取response。

Object executeAndDecode(RequestTemplate template) throws Throwable {
    Request request = targetRequest(template);

    if (logLevel != Logger.Level.NONE) {
      logger.logRequest(metadata.configKey(), logLevel, request);
    }

    Response response;

其中Client组件是一个非常重要的组件，Feign最终发送request请求以及接收response响应，都是由Client组件完成的，其中Client的实现类，只要有Client.Default，该类由HttpURLConnnection实现网络请求，另外还支持HttpClient、Okhttp.

首先来看以下在FeignRibbonClient的自动配置类，FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration ，主要在工程启动的时候注入一些bean,其代码如下：

@ConditionalOnClass({ ILoadBalancer.class, Feign.class })
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
public class FeignRibbonClientAutoConfiguration {

@Bean
	@ConditionalOnMissingBean
	public Client feignClient(CachingSpringLoadBalancerFactory cachingFactory,
			SpringClientFactory clientFactory) {
		return new LoadBalancerFeignClient(new Client.Default(null, null),
				cachingFactory, clientFactory);
	}

}

在缺失配置feignClient的情况下，会自动注入new Client.Default(),跟踪Client.Default()源码，它使用的网络请求框架为HttpURLConnection，代码如下：

@Override
    public Response execute(Request request, Options options) throws IOException {
      HttpURLConnection connection = convertAndSend(request, options);
      return convertResponse(connection).toBuilder().request(request).build();
    }

所以说，feign是一个伪客户端，即它不做任何的请求处理。Feign通过处理注解生成request，从而实现简化HTTP API开发的目的，即开发人员可以使用注解的方式定制request api模板，在发送http request请求之前，feign通过处理注解的方式替换掉request模板中的参数，这种实现方式显得更为直接、可理解。